Iranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Examining the Price of Insurance in the Agricultural Supply Chain1142418110.22034/ijfma.2025.78265.2228ENHamedForougozarPhD Candidate of Industrial Management, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, IranDavoodAndalib ArdakaniAssociate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, IranJournal Article20250129The agricultural supply chain is vulnerable to adverse business conditions, which can be attributed to production uncertainty and price volatility. Risk exists in all agricultural management decisions, primarily due to uncertainty. Price instability reduces investment in the agricultural supply chain. This study explores risk management by introducing price insurance, which may increase investment in the agricultural food supply chain. The statistical population of this research is the Agricultural Bank Insurance Fund of Fars Province. The orientation of this research is developmental and applied. The philosophy of the research is positivist and rigorous, and the research approach is comparative. The strategy in this research is also survey-based. A model is introduced that shows how price-based insurance products can reduce investment risk and how lower investment can have a similar impact to higher investment. This study shows that introducing insurance in the agricultural supply chain can encourage small and medium-sized companies to invest in agriculture and help policymakers better understand the social benefits of food chain risk management and make more effective decisions about subsidy policies with better private sector participation.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24181_ed18370ab753647f8aa890dab473e6b7.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Model Inspired by Al-Farabi's Social Thoughts: An Indigenous Approach in Social Accounting15282418210.22034/ijfma.2025.78336.2238ENRezaShamsiDepartment of Accounting, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.0009-0008-7296-1077RezaGholami JamkaraniDepartment of Accounting, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.0000-0003-1895-6660MojganSafaDepartment of Accounting, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.0000-0002-7245-8753MahmoodGhayoomzadehDepartment of Theology and Islamic Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran0000-0003-1340-9908Journal Article20250302Considering the ever-increasing expansion of companies and their social and environmental impacts, as well as the use of the traditional model of corporate social responsibility from Western culture, the need for CSR models that are compatible with local culture and social values is felt. Therefore, in this study, a corporate social responsibility (CSR) model inspired by Al-Farabi's social thoughts has been designed. This research used the content analysis method to discover a new model of corporate social responsibility. Journals of social sciences, philosophy and theology were reviewed from the beginning of publication and finally 25 articles were analyzed. In order to screen and reach a theoretical consensus, the categories obtained were provided to 18 experts so that the validity of the research could be verified through peer review. The findings were also analyzed with the help of maxqda software. The model obtained shows; Responsibilities based on religion, cultural responsibilities, and social responsibilities are new dimensions of exploration that can be a supplement to the conventional model by combining the conventional model of corporate social responsibility, and if companies adhere to those responsibilities, we will be closer to the realization of utopia.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24182_8fe7117815d34847105f5cc78a519d8a.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Investigating the effect of the quality of total accruals and the risk of exchange rate fluctuations on the cost of debt29422418310.22034/ijfma.2025.77671.2128ENDavoodSalehi NajafabadiMSc. Student, Department of Accounting, Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr, IranMaryamEmamimibodyAssociate Prof., Department of Accounting, Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr, Iran0000-0001-6210-8007Journal Article20240518The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the quality of total accruals and the risk of exchange rate fluctuations on the cost of debt for companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This is an applied and descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population consists of all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2014 and 2022. After screening, 105 companies were selected as the sample for analysis. To test the research hypotheses, the reliability of the variables was first assessed using the generalized Dickey-Fuller test. In the subsequent step, the Breusch-Pagan, Chow (F-Limer), and Hausman tests were employed to determine the appropriate estimation method, with the results confirming the use of the random effects panel model. According to the results of the Dickey-Fuller test, the variables in the study are statistically significant. Furthermore, based on the random effects panel estimation, the findings indicate that: The first hypothesis of the research is confirmed: the quality of discretionary accruals has a positive and significant effect on the cost of debt for the companies analyzed., the second hypothesis is also confirmed: the quality of non-discretionary accruals has a negative and significant effect on the cost of debt and the third hypothesis is supported: the risk of positive exchange rate fluctuations has a positive and significant impact on the cost of debt.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24183_ca150bd929d10400377196db6715f8f8.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Designing an optimal supply chain model for price determination in the steel industry based on market structure with a Neural Network approach and game theory43602418410.22034/ijfma.2025.77998.2187ENMohammad AliAfsharkkazemiProfessor, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranMinaKazemianPhD in Industrial Management, Graduated from Islamic Azad University, Science and Research BranchJournal Article20241013The main issue in the steel industry and supply chain management is to identify and model fluctuations in this market. Considering the vertical chain in this industry and the interaction between players, game theory is used to model the optimal price. On the other hand, players need to interact with and repeat the game to reach a balance, for which neural network models were employed. In the following, according to the specific conditions of the country that is facing severe sanctions in the metal industry, the sanctions variable is considered as an adjustment factor in the price modeling of this industry.<br>The research method is practical in terms of purpose. The research period of seasonal data is from 2011 to 2020, and MATLAB software is used.<br>Based on the explanations, a hybrid model based on neural networks and game theory was presented. To predict steel prices, three Bayesian neural networks, support vectors, and cross diffusion were used. The results indicate that the cross-emission model of Grossberg is more accurate in predicting steel prices Then the predicted price was entered into the game theory process and the Nash equilibrium point of the model was determined. The results indicate that the presence of sanctions in the model has increased the price and decreased production in the steel industry.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24184_85fb8f045570014b485523879fc3ab0b.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Examining the impact of Board of Directors Characteristics on Transactions with Related Parties: Goods and Financial Resources61742396810.22034/ijfma.2025.78259.2227ENBehrangParsafardDoctoral of accounting, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i UniversitySohrabOstaAssistant Professor, Accounting, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran0000-0001-7480-9222SanazGolnazariMaster of Accounting, Accounting, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.Journal Article20250127Purpose: One of the core assumptions underlying the Agency Theory (AT) is that managers consume the company’s resources for their benefit to maximize their own interests. In this context, related-party transactions (RPTs), often favorable to managers and detrimental to shareholders, are among the striking examples. Against this background, the present study was to investigate the effects of board of directors’ (BD) characteristics on transactions of goods and financial resources with related parties (RPs).<br>Methods: In total, 125 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), Iran, for the period of 2018-2023 (viz., 750 company-year observations), were selected by the systematic sampling technique, and then examined. Two indicators, i.e., transactions of goods and financial resources, were accordingly chosen to evaluate RPTs as the dependent variable. Moreover, BD characteristics were measured through chief executive officer (CEO) dual responsibility, BD size, BD independence, and CEO tenure.<br>Findings: The study results revealed a significant relationship between CEO dual responsibility, BD size, BD independence, and CEO tenure and RPTs (namely, transactions of goods and financial resources) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).<br>Conclusion: A direct relationship was ultimately established between CEO dual responsibility and BD size, confirming the notion of transaction efficiency, but there was an inverse relationship between BD independence and CEO tenure, verifying the view of a conflict of interest.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_23968_1c1f1beef683946794edf22079849283.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901The Impact of Financial Behavior on Financial Decisions75922418510.22034/ijfma.2025.77929.2176ENKavehParandinDepartment of Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240906the aim of this research is to examine the relationship between financial behavior and financial decision-making in brokerage firms in the Iranian capital market. The statistical population of this study consists of 380 managers from brokerage firms in Tehran province, from which a sample of 191 individuals was selected over a six-month period from the beginning of (January 2022) to the beginning of (June 2022). A questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data, and the data analysis was conducted using Excel, SPSS, and LISREL software. The results of the hypothesis tests indicate positive and significant relationships between various financial behavior variables and financial decision-making. The first hypothesis test showed a positive and significant relationship between urgency in selection and investment decision-making. The second hypothesis test also indicated a positive and significant relationship between loss aversion and investment decision-making. Additionally, the third hypothesis test revealed that overconfidence also has a positive and significant impact on investment decision-making. The findings suggest that financial behaviors such as urgency in selection, loss aversion, and overconfidence can influence investment decisions. These results emphasize the necessity of considering psychological aspects in the financial decision-making process. Therefore, investors and managers of brokerage firms should pay more attention to these behaviors to achieve more optimal financial decisions.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24185_e7c3bf43a683b8e7d5e4f103b16de6e7.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms on Financial Fraud Detection and Prevention: The Moderating Role of Internal Control Systems931102411810.22034/ijfma.2025.78590.2270ENAmirAnsariDepartment of Accounting, Yas.C., Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, IranHashemValipourDepartment of Accounting, Fir.C., Islamic Azad University, Firuzabad, Iran0000-0002-4830-4711HamidSalehiDepartment of Accounting, Fir.C., Islamic Azad University, Firuzabad, Iran.Journal Article20250622This study rigorously examines the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms on the detection and prevention of financial fraud, with a particular emphasis on the moderating role of internal control systems. Utilizing a quantitative, applied research design with a descriptive-survey approach, data were collected from 150 professionals across the domains of finance, auditing, information technology, and risk management through validated questionnaires administered via both online and offline channels.<br>The research evaluates the efficacy of advanced AI techniques—including machine learning models, natural language processing (NLP), graph-based analytics, and real-time detection systems—in identifying intricate, non-obvious, and evolving fraudulent financial behaviors. The findings reveal that the integration of AI technologies significantly enhances fraud detection accuracy and responsiveness. Crucially, this positive impact is markedly amplified in organizational environments characterized by robust, well-structured internal control mechanisms.<br>The results underscore the synergistic interplay between technological innovation and governance infrastructure, indicating that effective internal controls serve as a critical enabler in maximizing the potential of AI for financial fraud risk mitigation. This study contributes a novel empirical and conceptual framework that informs both academic inquiry and managerial practice, offering strategic insights for organizations aiming to enhance the resilience and intelligence of their financial oversight systems.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24118_bd8e6f05d9555af5d945c647a70995f1.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Providing a Model for the Factors Affecting the Determination of Audit Fees for Companies Contracted with the Public Sector1111362418610.22034/ijfma.2025.78406.2247ENBehrouzJanatifarPhD Student, Department of Accounting, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0009-5917-3612ArtinBitariAssistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-9310-214XMahmoudHemmatfarAssociate Professor, Department of Accounting, Broojerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Broojerd, Iran.Mohammad RezaGhorbanianAssistant Professor, Department of Management, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250407The aim of this study is to provide a model for explaining the factors affecting audit fees in private companies contracted with the public sector. The study design was mixed and exploratory: in the qualitative phase, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with audit experts, and based on a grounded theory approach, categories and conceptual relationships were extracted. Then, in the quantitative phase, hypotheses were tested using data from 105 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2018–2023 with static and dynamic panel models. The quantitative findings showed that contracts with the public sector have a positive and significant effect on audit fees. Additionally, the professional characteristics of the auditor play a moderating role: the interaction between auditor expertise and public sector contracts reduced the intensity of the increase in audit fees, the interaction between the audit firm's size and public sector contracts was also decreasing and significant, and the interaction between auditor changes and public sector contracts showed a significant increasing effect. The results in the dynamic model (GMM) also confirmed this pattern. The interpretation of the results used the theoretical frameworks of agency theory, institutional theory, transaction cost theory, and political economy of auditing. It was shown that institutional differences and the disclosure/oversight requirements of public sector contracts lead to increased auditor effort and consequently higher audit fees. These findings can provide a basis for revising tariff-setting guidelines and auditor selection regulations.<br>Keywords: Audit Fees, Public Sector Contracts, Auditor Expertise, Auditor Change, Audit Firm Sizehttp://www.ijfma.ir/article_24186_e65e15c993a8ecd9e90f3d243203a2a4.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Investigating the Asymmetric Effects of Investor Sentiments, Economic Sanctions and Shareholders' Ownership Structure on The Level of Investment in Iran's Stock Exchange: Quantile Regression Approach1371462418710.22034/ijfma.2025.77885.2165ENRahmanDoostianAssistant Professor of Accounting Department, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.NastaranKavoshMaster of Accounting Department, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran.Journal Article20240819Background: The main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of investor sentiments and shareholders' ownership structure on the company's investment level in the Tehran Stock Exchange.<br>Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of purpose, correlational in nature and content. The statistical population of this research was all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Finally, 136 companies were selected as research samples. In order to collect data, the reports of the board of directors of the companies were used on the information technology management site of the Stock Exchange Organization and the Kodal site. In order to test the hypotheses, regression model (combined data), Limer's F test and Hausman test were used; Finally, the model has been estimated.<br>Findings: The results showed that the company's investment level has an effect on investor sentiments. It was also found that by controlling the investor's emotions, retail ownership affects the level of investment.<br>Conclusion: These results contain very important policy implications regarding the level of investment in the investigated companies.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24187_b2769ab71109c3634b3115937deaa34a.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901The Impact Pattern of Psychological Factors on the Business of Audit Firms Affiliated with the Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants1471582418810.22034/ijfma.2025.78855.2321ENMusaHasanzadehPhD student in Accounting, Department of Accounting, ST. C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAliBaghaniAssistant Professor Department of Accounting, ST. C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohsenHamidianAssociate Professor, Department of Accounting, ST. C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranZohrehHajihaFull Professor, Department of Accounting, ST. C. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3625-2352Journal Article20251004The research methodology is field-based and employs factor analysis. The statistical population consists of individuals active in the auditing profession, with questionnaire data collected in 2025 (1404 in the Iranian calendar). The approach used in this study is mixed: initially, through the multi-faceted grounded theory method—using interviews and a review of previous research—the variables were identified. Using the Lawshe index, the final influential factors were determined, and factor analysis was subsequently applied to analyze the research questions. The results indicate that customer trust and perceptions, workplace stress and psychological pressure, ethical conflicts and difficult decision-making, client behaviors and expectations, leadership psychology and organizational culture, the impact of technology on employee psychology, the role of individual motivation and job satisfaction, the influence of media and public opinion, and coping with psychological challenges all significantly affect the business performance of audit firms.<br>Keywords: Psychological factors, job stress, client expectations, ethical conflicts, audit firm businesshttp://www.ijfma.ir/article_24188_92f55e5c0005f88cb73fe7a338842a4f.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720250901Analysis of the Structural Model of Financial Resilience in the Water Industry.1591662422710.22034/ijfma.2025.78164.2218ENMehdiHabib Zadeh Kalah RoudiDepartment of Management and Economics, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFraydoonRahnamay RoodposhtiProfessor, Department of Accounting and Management, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran(AhmadEbrahimiAssistant Professor, Department of Industrial and Technology management, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranVahidrezaMirabiAssistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Department of Management, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, IranRezaRadfarProfessor, Department of management, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250105The objective of the present study was to examine the structural model of financial resilience in the water industry. The research method employed was quantitative, and the target population consisted of financial managers, experienced specialists, experts in the water industry sector, policymakers, and university professors. A purposive sampling method was used to select 384 participants. In this study, to investigate the structural model of financial resilience in the water industry, questionnaires distributed among the sample were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings include the presentation of causal, contextual, and intervening factors, central constructs, desired consumer consumption behavior, and the formulation of value creation towards the development of the financial resilience model in the water industry, which is presented in the study's final model. Unlike the identified models limited to financial resilience in the water industry, this model also encompasses additional aspects. Furthermore, the research model does not impose specific limitations on including various financial relationships that may be identified in future studies. In this regard, the examination of antecedents for the development of smart consumption behavior indicates that the appropriateness of water price and quality, social context, and social responsibility have a significant impact on the development of smart water consumption behavior.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24227_f8bf0d84e9b0e57f01008c4827d7fda5.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720270901Optimizing Production Chain Risk Management Using Metaheuristic Models1671822425110.22034/ijfma.2026.77711.2133ENMahsaChekeniDepartment of Management and Economics, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFraydoonRahnamay RoodposhtiProfessor,Departmant of Accounting and Management, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranRezaRadfarProfessor,Department of management, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranVahid RezaMirabiAssistant Professor,Department of Business Administration,Department of Management,Tehran Central Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,IranJournal Article20240605Financial interactions play a critical role in inter-organizational transactions, particularly in complex supply chains where cash flow, risk sharing, and access to credit are vital for operational continuity. However, the integration of financial mechanisms into supply chain decision-making remains underexplored, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that often face significant resource constraints. This study addresses this gap by developing a dual-objective optimization model for production chain financing that balances logistical efficiency with financial viability. The proposed model employs a fuzzy ideal programming approach, allowing for decision-making under uncertainty by incorporating both operational and financial constraints into a unified mathematical framework.<br><br>The research adopts a quantitative and applied methodology, with empirical data drawn from Koroosh Food Industries, a representative SME operating in a dynamic and resource-limited environment. The model is validated through a numerical case study using LINGO optimization software, which demonstrates how different supply chain structures can influence optimal financing strategies. Results show a strong relationship between supply chain configuration and financial performance, emphasizing the importance of integrated planning in capital-constrained settings.<br><br>This study contributes to both theory and practice by providing a robust decision-support tool that aligns production planning with financial considerations. Its findings are particularly relevant for SME managers, policymakers, and supply chain analysts seeking to enhance financial resilience and operational agility. The model's flexibility also makes it adaptable to various industries where uncertainty and financing challenges intersect.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24251_e2d95a06ee4545b3dcc9c66d92a1efb7.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720270901Application of Metaheuristic Models in Production Chain Risk Optimization1831902425210.22034/ijfma.2025.77712.2205ENImanRaziDepartment of Management and Economics, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranFarhadHanifiAssistant Professor,Tehran Central Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,IranVahidrezaMirabiAssistant Professor,Department of Business Administration,Department of Management,Tehran Central Branch,Islamic Azad University,Tehran,IranFeraydoonRahnamay Roodposhti,Professor,Departmant of Accounting and Management, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241201With the spread of various risks and adverse events in the world, which is partly caused by the increase in economic, social and political activities, uncertainty about the future has increased. Risk is one of the basic concepts. Therefore, in this research, the risk management model has been designed using innovative models in line with optimal risk management and providing practical suggestions to reduce risk and increase investment returns. In terms of methodology and the method of data collection, it is considered a descriptive research that has been implemented post-event. In order to collect data in this research, library and document methods were used. The statistical population of this research is the active companies in the food industry accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and in this regard, an example of Koroosh Food Industry Company with the symbol of Ghakoroosh in the period of 2016 to 2018 was considered. In order to analyze the data, the meta-innovative model of genetics was used using Matlab software to provide the best model for risk management. The findings showed that the range of points in the two-stage optimization mode has a wider time and cost, and the anchor resources provide us with larger numbers than the three-objective optimization mode. Besides, in some places, due to the two-stage optimization, according to the specified time and cost, the source anchor has not been obtained. In addition, due to the optimization in two separate stages, a regular trend has not been seen among the resource anchors.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24252_2f93b699c738691d0b53d82ed1e25817.pdfIranian Financial Engineering Association(IFEA)International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting2588-4379124720270901Identification and Prioritization of Factors Affecting Whistleblowing Behavior on Tax Violations Using the ISM Structural Equation Modeling Technique1912102425410.22034/ijfma.2026.78911.2328ENMohammadGhasemi GoorajiDepartment of Accounting ,UAE.C.,Islamic Azad University , Dubai,United Arab EmiratesRoyaDarabiDepartment of Accounting ,ST.C. , Islamic Azad University Tehran,IranMortezaHajiabbasiDepartment of Accounting ,TO.C. , Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon,Mazandaran,iranNematRostami MazueiDepartment of Accounting ,Cha.C. , Islamic Azad University, chalus,Mazandaran,iranJournal Article20251019Whistleblowing behavior on tax violations is a process through which individuals disclose fraud and income concealment in order to protect public interests and achieve tax justice. This behavior is influenced by a set of individual, organizational, and social factors and can play an important role in reducing tax corruption and enhancing public trust. The present study, conducted in the summer of 2025, employed a qualitative–quantitative approach; in the qualitative part, the grounded theory method was used, and in the quantitative part, the FDAHP technique was applied. Data were collected through interviews with 15experts. The results of the qualitative phase led to the identification of 32initial components, which, after three rounds of fuzzy Delphi, were refined into 25final components, including factors such as the existence of secure reporting channels, legal and regulatory frameworks, financial reward programs, strengthening tax justice, reducing pressure on compliant taxpayers, and fear of retaliation. Moreover, the findings of structural equation modeling indicated that the most influential variables included legal and regulatory frameworks, training and awareness-raising, financial reward programs, severity and magnitude of violation, trust in supervisory institutions, justice- oriented motivations, organizational support for whistleblowers, protection of identity and personal security, and the enhancement of transparency and public trust. Finally, technological and informational infrastructures were identified as the most affected variables.http://www.ijfma.ir/article_24254_f14b58e9a94401142accfdb75947a361.pdf